The etiquette of flags is usually a combination of law and years of marine tradition that dictates marine behaviour. Not understanding these obligations can lead to offence, confusion at sea, or even breaches of maritime law. The rules of flags are an essential part of sailing, so you must ensure to have the right flag in the correct position in order to sail with peace of mind. It is equally important that any signal you give by way of the flag is the correct one, as other vessels may rely on it for safe navigation.
So, what are the rules of flag etiquette that apply to you and your vessel today?
You should always fly your Ensign flag, the most senior flag, as close to the stern of your vessel as possible. The Ensign shows the registration of the boat’s country and indicates your nationality to other seafarers.
A UK ship must fly an Ensign in accordance with the Merchant Shipping Act; which means at all times and especially when entering and leaving port. A UK vessel should always fly the national maritime flag in daylight, which is the Red Ensign – unless you are authorised to fly a Special Ensign. Wearing an unauthorised Ensign is a violation of international law.
Today, this remains the fundamental rule. The Red Ensign is the recognised maritime flag for the majority of British vessels, and it should be flown from stern when the vessel is under way, at anchor, or in harbour. The Ensign should be raised at 08:00 (or at first light if later). And lowered at sunset.
Other flags may be flown in addition to the Ensign, depending on circumstance:
- A burgee flag: represents a recreational boating organisation and is typically flown from the main mast.
- A courtesy flag: is flown when entering foreign waters as a mark of respect to the host nation. It is usually displayed at the foremast head or jack staff.
- A house flag: identifies the company that owns a merchant vessel and is normally flown from the jack staff.
Maintaining flags in good condition is essential. A faded or torn Ensign may be considered disrespectful and, in some cases, unlawful.
Land Flags and Restrictions
The Union Jack, Welsh Dragon, the cross of St Andrew, St George, St Patrick and the EU flag are all examples of a land flag. It is illegal to fly these at sea as a yachtsman. Land flags should not be used on vessels in place of the Red Ensign, as they do not meet the legal requirements under Uk maritime law.
The flag of St George is also one that is traditionally only flown by an Admiral, so it is restricted to that naval rank alone and could mean a fine if you fly it without that rank. Although enforcement is rare for recreational sailor, it is still incorrect etiquette and should be avoided.
Union Jack or Union Flag?
Surprisingly, there is often a debate whether or not it is called the Union Jack or the Union flag. This is often a lively and mostly joking affair. Both terms are acceptable. But, in 1908 parliament stated that “the Union Jack should be regarded as the National flag.” For maritime purposes, however, the Union Jack is not used as an Ensign. It may only be flown in certain ceremonial circumstances or by specific vessels authorised to do so. For general use at sea, the red Ensign remains the correct choice.
Choosing the Right Size
The usual advice for sizing your flag is if it looks right, it is right. But a general guideline is as follows:
- Ensign – this should be roughly ¾ of a foot. A more practical rule is that the Ensign should be at least one inch per foot of vessel length. For example, a 30-foot yacht should have an Ensign of at least 30 inches (2.5 feet).
- Burgee – as a standard this is 15” and it extends to 18” for larger vessels.
- Courtesy Flag – undersized, tatty or faded courtesy flags are worse than no flag at all. So ensure your flag is in ship shape. Roughly this should be 12” for smaller vessels, growing to 15” or 18” the larger your vessel gets.
- House Flag – a house flag is usually a similar size to the courtesy flag.
Ensuring the flag is proportional to your vessel is part of good seamanship. Too small and it looks careless, too large and it becomes impractical.
Why Flag Etiquette Matters
While some aspects of flag etiquette are rooted in tradition, others are enshrined in law. Following these rules is not just about respect but also about safety and clarity at sea. Other vessels may interpret your signals to judge your nationality, intentions, or status. Poor etiquette can cause confusion or, in extreme cases, penalties from part authorities.
For anyone operating a vessel under the UK flag, understanding these rules helps avoid mistakes and ensures smooth sailing both at home and abroad.
Offshore Supply and Marine Tradition
At Offshore Supply, we know that seamanship extends beyond navigation and engineering, it’s also about respect for maritime customs. While we specialise in marine chandlery, from deck and engine supplies to galley essentials and safety equipment, we also recognise that details like flag etiquette form part of responsible vessel ownership.
If you’d like advice on preparing your vessel with the right supplies, contact our team at 01524 862010 or email sales@offshoresupply.co.uk. You can also view our full range of marine products online.